Antimicrobial, Phytochemical and Toxicological Characteristics of Maeruapseudopetalosa (GligandBened.) DeWolf

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الملخص

The objectives of this investigation are to: evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Maeruapseudopetalosa(Gilg and Bened.) De Wolf extracts, conduct phytochemical screening, identify the fractionated compounds and study the toxicity of the tuber extracts using biochemical and haematological parameters as well as histopathlogical changes. Chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol, which were used for the extraction of M. pseudopetalosa parts, gave nine extracts with different colors, consistencies and extractabilities. Four bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi, and three fungal species: Aspergillusfumigatus, Aspergillusflavus and Candida albicans) were tested for antimicrobial activities of the extracts.The antibacterial activity was of the limited type (only 11%);while antifungal activity showed considerable variations depending on the type of the extract, the fungus and the duration of the treatment. Tests for secondary metabolites proved the presence of tannins, sterols and alkaloids and the absence of flavonoids, terpenes and saponins. The detection of triterpenes, sterols and alkaloids in the ethanol fractions of the tuber was proved by TLC separation, while cardiac glycosides were detected in the crude extract only. The toxicological studies proved that only the 250 mg/kg BW concentration- of the ethyl acetate and ethanol tuber extracts- were able to reduce the Wistar rats body weights. Variable degrees of toxicity in all biochemical parameters were shown by the ethyl acetate extract regardless of the concentration used. The ethanol extract exhibited insignificant differences in the aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, cholesterol, total billirubin and urea parameters. It significantly increased alkaline phosphatase and albumin contents (at all concentrations used), direct billirubin (only at 250 mg/kg BW), and mortality was reached at 500mg/kg BW. The haematological parameters (mean corpuscular volume, red blood cells, hematocrit and monocyte) were increased significantly at 250mg/kg BW ethanol extract concentration. The other parameters (haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, red cell distribution width, platelet distribution width, and granulocytes) did not show any significant differences; whereas lymphocytes decreased significantly at 50 mg/kg BW. The ethyl acetate extract produced significant increases in value of red cell distribution width while a decrease of red blood cells was shown by all concentrations used. The other parameters (platelet distribution width, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, monocytes, white blood cells, granulocytes, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean platelet volume and lymphocytes exhibited variable results reflecting increase and decrease in some while in the others the changes are not always directly related to the concentrations used. Histopathological changes of the ethanol treatment at a concentration of 50 mg/kg BW inflicted loss of nuclei, nuclear pyknosis and in some cells cytoplasmic acidophilia of the liver sections. Increasing the concentration to 250 mg/kg BW produced dilated blood vessels and sinusoids. The ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 50 mg/kg BW exhibited variations in the size of nuclei of hepatocytes and their loss in some cases; while at a concentration of 250 mg/kg BW produced only slight sinusoidal dilation. Moreover the 500 mg/kg BW showed cell vacuolation and dilated sinusoids. Spleen sections revealed depleted white pulps with loosely arranged lymphocytes (at 50 mg/kg body weight of the ethyl acetate extract); increasing the concentrations of the ethanol extract did not show any significant changes. The heart sections of the Wistar rats treated with 50 mg/kg BW of the ethyl acetate extract had shown separation and fragmentation of muscles with some exhibiting eosinophilic staining. Normal appearances, with elongated muscle nuclei in some cells and variations in stainability, were observed at the concentrations of 50 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/kg BW of the ethanol extract. Increasing the concentration to 250 mg/kg of the ethyl acetate extract induced thin and separated muscles; while further increase to 500 mg/kg BW produced muscles with normal appearance; but with increased interstitial cells. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of the tuber parts were subjected to further separation by column chromatography technique and eight fractions were obtained for the former and twelve for the latter one. Remarkable cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae was shown by the ethanol extract. Fractions F8, F9, F11 and F12, with high cytotoxic values (1.25, 7.98, 0.185, o.o41 µg/ml respectively) were chosen for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Thirty three compounds not recorded in any previous work in the available literature were obtained. Fraction 8 and 9 were found to be cytotoxic due to the presence of oleate and linoleate compounds with more cytotoxicity in fraction 8 as a result of the presence of decenoic acid. Also, fraction 12 was more cytotoxic than fraction 11 and this was attributed to the presence of a proline derivative in the former which was proved to be cytotoxic.

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التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

06b73cf4-cacb-4787-87cf-fd98f91dc95a

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل دكتوراة

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06b73cf4-cacb-4787-87cf-fd98f91dc95a_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ألقاب المؤلفين

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اللغة

English

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

Antimicrobial, Phytochemical and Toxicological Characteristics of Maeruapseudopetalosa (GligandBened.) DeWolf

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

Mohammed Hammad Awad, البشرى الشيخ النور

الإعداد

منال عبدالله إبراهيم أحمد

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية