Analysis of Inorganic Pollutants in Leather Tanning Industry

الموضوعات

علوم بحتة وطبيعية

الملخص

Abstract The objective of this research work is to determine the inorganic pollutants that result from leather tanning industry. The determinations of the pollutants were performed in Khartoum Tannery and Soba Treatment Plant wastewaters. The results of analyses were compared with the permitted levels of concentrations of the corresponding pollutants stated by local, regional and international authorized bodies. The samples were collected from Khartoum Tannery tap water, Khartoum Tannery wastewater and two locations at Soba Treatment Plant (Soba In and Soba Out). Different analytical techniques were used. XRF spectroscopy was used for qualitative analysis of metal pollutants. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy using standard additions method was used to determine metal pollutants and graphite furnace was also used when metals exist at trace levels. UV and visible spectroscopy was used for the determination of chromium (VI).Ion-selective electrode potentiometry was used for the determination of anion pollutants like sulphide, ammonium, nitrate and chloride whereas classical chemical analysis like gravimetric analysis was applied for the determination of sulphate. On the other hand titrimetric analysis was used for the determination of chemical and biological oxygen demand. The Tannery wastewater analysis showed that chromium mean concentration is 111.00 (±12.50) greater than the permitted level (PL) stated by Sudanese Standard and Metrology organization (SSMO) 1.2 ppm and FAO 5 ppm. Iron mean concentration is 10.18±1.62 greater than the SSMO (PL) level 5 ppm and FAO 1.0 ppm. Manganese mean concentration is 1.29 (±0.29) greater than the (PL) level by SSMO 0.1 ppm and FAO 0.2 ppm. concentration is 2.81(±1.10) ppm greater than the PL by SSMO 1.2 ppm and FAO 0.05 ppm. Iron mean concentration is 6.04(±1.38) greater than the PL by FAO 1 ppm. Manganese mean concentration is 0.81(±0.17) ppm greater than the permitted level by SSMO 0.1ppm and FAO 0.2 ppm. Soba Out wastewater analysis showed that the chromium mean concentration is 1.05 (± 0.49) ppm greater than the permitted level by SSMO 0.05 ppm. Iron mean concentration is 2.51(±1.01) ppm greater than the permitted level II by FAO 1 ppm. Manganese mean concentration is 0.48(±0.01)ppm greater than the permitted level by S.M.O.is 0.1ppm and FAO is 0.2 ppm . Analysis of sulphide ion showed that the mean concentration of Tannery wastewater is 362.1(±75.7) ppm, of Soba In wastewater is 136.18(±17.1) ppm while the permitted level by SSMO is 100 ppm for all of them. Analysis of ammonium ion showed that the mean concentration of Tannery wastewater is 198.33(±8.61)ppm, of Soba In wastewater mean concentration is 92.26(± 21.7) ppm greater than the PL by SSMO 80 ppm. Analysis of nitrate ion showed that the mean concentration of Tannery wastewater is 516.44 (± 137) ppm and of Soba In wastewater is 48.8 (±12.9) ppm are greater than the permitted level by SSMO 40 ppm. The analysis of chloride ion showed that the mean concentration of Tannery wastewater is 22973.48 (± 1209) ppm, the mean concentration of Soba In wastewater is 8038.43 (±349) ppm and of Soba Out wastewater mean concentration is 242.13(± 8.91) ppm while the permitted level by SSMO is 100 ppm. Analysis of sulphate ion showed that the mean concentration of Tannery wastewater is 287.6 (±86.8) ppmand of Soba Out wastewater is 102.75(±26.01) ppm while the permitted level by SSMO is 40 ppm. COD mean concentrations of Soba In wastewaters is 717.08 (±195.48) ppm and Soba Out wastewaters is 293.05(±82.58) ppm are above the maximum permitted levels stated by the S.S.M.O. BOD mean concentrations of Soba In wastewaters is 429.17(±93.26) ppm and Soba Out wastewaters is 429.17(±93.26) ppm are above the maximum permitted levels stated by the S.S.M.O. The results obtained from this research work reveal that the leather industry created an environmental impact which is characterized by high load of inorganic pollutants harmful to both human and environment. Reduction of this harm can be achieved by applying different means of treatment like chromium cycling and utilization of sewage wastewaters and sludgefor agriculture purposes aftersystematic monitoring of pollutants concentrations.

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التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

0279445d-2571-40ed-9fd4-d0fa86a9c336

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل دكتوراة

نوع الملف

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أسماء الملفات

0279445d-2571-40ed-9fd4-d0fa86a9c336_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ألقاب المؤلفين

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اللغة

English

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

Analysis of Inorganic Pollutants in Leather Tanning Industry

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

محمد المختار عبدالعزيز

الإعداد

نعيمة يوسف محمد

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية