Evaluation of Sole and Intercropped Sudan Yellow Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum) and Exotic Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Genotypes for Forage and Grain Yields in Autumn, Winter and Summer Seasons, Gezira University Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan

الموضوعات

زراعة

الملخص

Intercropping is gaining more attention in the developing world because it is a feasible, intensive and well planned way of raising agricultural production in the tropics. Hence, two experiments were conducted at the Gezira University Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan, during autumn and winter, 2005, and summer 2006. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate forage and grain yield of seven cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp) as sole and intercropped with Sudan yellow pearl millet (Pennisetm americanum (L) Leeks) at five different arrangements (sole millet, paired rows of millet + single row of cowpea; alternate single row of each crop; paired rows of cowpea + single row of millet; sole seven cowpea genotypes). Many forage and grain yield components of each crop and their mixtures were measured. Relative yield (RY) and land equivalent ratio (LER) of both crops were assessed. Intercropping significantly increased the per plant growth parameters of both crops during the different growing seasons. Autumn forage and grain yield of the two crops was the highest followed by that of summer and then winter. Sole dry forage and grain yields of each crop component was lower than that of millet plus cowpea in intercropped treatments, however, it was higher than that of each crop separately. Across seasons, the highest dry forage yield of millet among the intercrop treatments was given by the intercrop combination of the landrace with paired rows of millet followed by genotypes IT95K-52-34 and IT97K-819-18 intercropped with millet at alternate single row. However, the highest dry forage yield of cowpea in the mixture was given by genotype IT95K-52-34 at paired rows of legume and alternate single row, followed by genotype IT98K-412-8 and IT98K-319-2 in alternate single row. Dry forage yields of both crops depends largely on leaf area and plant fresh weight plus days top 50% flowering (earliness or lateness) and growth habit(erect or spreading) for cowpea. The grain yield of the two crops (in sole or intercropped) followed the same trends of their dry forage yield. However, the highest grain yield of the intercropped millet across seasons, was given by the combination of millet and genotypes IT98K-412-8, IT97K-819-18 and the landrace, respectively, in paired rows of legume, but that of cowpea was furnished by genotypes IT98K-391-2 at all row combinations and IT99K-1122 in paired rows of legume too. The highest total dry forage yield of both millet and cowpea was reported for that of genotypes IT95K-52-34, landrace and IT98K-391-2 in alternate single rows and across seasons, but that of grain yield was given by the intercrop of genotype IT98K-412-8 during autumn and summer and genotype IT97K-461-4 during winter, both at paired rows combination. Among the measured parameters panicle yield greatly affected millet grain yield, while number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and days to 50% flowering were responsible for the large variation in cowpea grain yield. Most of the land equivalent ratio (LER) values for forage or grain yields exceeded 1.00 throughout the year indicating that intercropping gave yield advantage over sole or pure stands particularly at paired rows arrangements. In recommendation, it is suggested to grow millet-cowpea genotypes IT95K-52-34 or landrace or IT98K-391-2 in alternate rows for high forage yield throughout the year and genotype IT98K-412-8 during autumn and summer and genotype IT97K-461-4 during winter in paired rows. The second experiment was conducted to assess the potential of 18 exotic cowpea genotypes for high forage and grain yield. The traits measured were similar to those mentioned in the first experiment. In individual analysis of variance for seasons, significant differences were observed among genotypes for all characters studied except leaf area, weight of stem, number of pods/ plant, number of seeds / pod and grain yield during autumn season. The combined analysis showed that genotype x environment interaction was significant for dry forage and grain yield. This study identified IT95K-52-34 and IT89KD-288 as dual purpose (forage and grain) genotypes. The highest dry forage yielding genotypes were IT95K-52-34, IT89KD-288 and IT97K-1069-2 with range of 3.8 to 5.4t/ha. This could be attributed to their potential vegetative growth that intercepted more light energy (large leaf area), together with their late maturity periods. The highest grain yielding genotypes were IT98K-412-13 and IT98K-1399 with a range of 1.4 to 2.1 t/ha. This could be attributed to their genetic potential in yield, number of pods/plants and number of seeds/pod. The results of experiment two suggest that genotypes IT97K-1069-2, landrace and IT89K-288 for high forage yield during autumn, while the genotypes IT95K-52-34 and IT98K-412-13 during winter, and the genotypes IT89KD-288, IT95K-52-34 and IT96D-733 during summer seasons and throughout the year the highest dry forage yielders were genotypes IT89KD-288, IT95K-52-34 and IT97K-1096-2 the highest grain yielders were IT98K-412-13, IT99K-1060 and IT98K-131-2 during autumn. IT98K-428-3 and IT98K-412-8 during winter, and IT98K-1399 and IT98K-412-13 during summer, but throughout the year the genotypes IT98K-412-13 and IT98K-1399 were recommended. For dual purpose (grain and dry forage) it is suggested to grow the genotypes IT89KD-288, IT95K-52-34 and IT98K-412-13 throughout the year.

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

0202ca10-324d-4b1a-9c3b-b2ffb00cde8e

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل دكتوراة

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

72380_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ألقاب المؤلفين

[{"name_ar":"Ali Salih Gangi ","title_ar":"اشراف","title_en":"Supervision"},{"name_ar":"Medani Ahmed Osman Abunearan","title_ar":"اعداد","title_en":"Preparation"},{"name_ar":"إبراهيم البشير محمد","title_ar":"اشراف","title_en":"Supervision"},{"name_ar":"الحسن صالح إبراهيم","title_ar":"اشراف","title_en":"Supervision"}]

اللغة

English

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

Evaluation of Sole and Intercropped Sudan Yellow Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum) and Exotic Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Genotypes for Forage and Grain Yields in Autumn, Winter and Summer Seasons, Gezira University Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

Ali Salih Gangi , إبراهيم البشير محمد, الحسن صالح إبراهيم

الإعداد

Medani Ahmed Osman Abunearan

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية