Analysis of Sodium Benzoate and Benzene in Fruit Juices using Gas Chromatography and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography: A Comparison Study Among Four Methods

الموضوعات

علوم تطبيقية وتكنولوجية

الملخص

Benzoic acid is among the most common food additives used in fruit juices, where it is mainly used as a preservative. In recent years, many workers reported that benzoic acid could react with ascorbic acid to form benzene, which is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group I carcinogenic. Even at relatively low concentrations, long-term exposure to benzene and benzoic acid might result in accumulation levels leading to toxicity because of their high lipophilicity. Therefore, monitoring their concentrations in food products and soft drinks on a regular basis is crucial to ensure consumers safety. We aimed to measure the concentrations of benzoic acid and benzene in different fruit juice samples and to compare the results with exposure permissible limits in order to assess potential human health hazards. In this study, we attempted to develop, optimize, validate and compare several methods based on gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID), and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array detection (PDA) for the analysis of benzoic acid and benzene in fruit juice samples collected from local markets in Ramallah, Palestine. For benzene, the best results were obtained using off-line solid-phase micro-extraction III(SPME) followed by GC-FID analysis; while, for benzoic acid analysis, the best results were obtained using the HPLC-PDA method. The optimized methods were applied to measure the concentrations of benzoic acid and benzene in 15 different fruit juice samples. Levels of benzoic acid in 20% of the tested samples (3 out of 15) were higher than the maximum allowed concentrations (MACs) of US environmental protection agency (USEPA) and the European Union (EU) commission. Benzene contents in 33% of the tested samples (5 out of 15) were higher than the MAC of EU commission. Our results were quite alarming, suggesting that fruit juice available to the residents of Ramallah city might not be safe for human consumption. Local authorities should be notified of such results; more importantly, environmental and human exposure assessment studies to evaluate potential hazard effects of benzene and benzoic acid are needed to ensure sustainable long-term food security.

روابط وملفات

التعريف والنوع

رقم الوثيقة

01497ca3-a2bc-4156-8d16-558293e29ffc

رقم العقد

0

نوع الوسائط

Crawler

نوع المحتوى

الرسائل العلمية

صيغة المصدر

رسائل ماجيستير

نوع الملف

pdf text

أسماء الملفات

1084027_1.pdf

بيانات النشر

ترجمة العنوان

تحليل بنزوات الصوديوم والبنزين في عصائر الفاكهة باستخدام تقنيات الفصل الكروماتوغرافية الغازية والسائلة عالية الضغط: بحث مقارنة بين أربع طرق تحليلية

ألقاب المؤلفين

[{"name_ar":"Diab Qadah","title_ar":"اشراف","title_en":"Supervision"},{"name_ar":"Ebaa Nairat","title_ar":"اعداد","title_en":"Preparation"}]

اللغة

English

المصدر والدورية

اسم المصدر

Analysis of Sodium Benzoate and Benzene in Fruit Juices using Gas Chromatography and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography: A Comparison Study Among Four Methods

المحتوى والصفحات

عدد الصفحات

0

كلمات الباحثين

Benzoic Acid, Benzene, Fruit Juices, Chromatography, Ramallah, Palestine.

إشراف وإعداد

الإشراف

Diab Qadah

الإعداد

Ebaa Nairat

الاقتباسات الببليوغرافية